dacarbazine

Pdcd4 expression is downregulated in highly malignant DTIC-resistant melanoma cells and the resulting disruption in cell cycle control may contribute to drug resistance. Reactivating Pdcd4 to modulate cell cycle progression may offer a promising approach for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in patients with tumors.

P2, N=278, Completed, MIPO Clinic

P2, N=17, Completed, Stanford University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> Jan 2026

Our data suggest that all mentioned treatments significantly reduce cell migration by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 and decrease clonogenicity by downregulating SOX2 and OCT4 in SK-MEL-3 cells, with these effects being more evident after combination treatment. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of PDT pre-treatment to enhance DTIC sensitivity in SK-MEL-3 cells and suggest that the combination therapy is a promising strategy for further research in melanoma treatment.

In the poorly immunogenic B16-F10 melanoma model, combining circular CpG ODNs with dacarbazine (DTIC) chemotherapy produced markedly stronger and more sustained antitumor efficacy, with enhanced tumor regression and improved survival, compared to linear CpG ODN/DTIC combinations. Our findings establish circular CpG ODNs as a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy, offering improved long-term stability and potent immunomodulatory capacity, particularly in combination with chemotherapy.

P=N/A, N=118, Completed, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: May 2027 --> Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2027 --> Jun 2026

P=N/A, N=118, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027

P2/3, N=370, Not yet recruiting, Polska Grupa Badawcza Chloniakow

Thus, Zerumbone has potential as a practical approach to battle melanoma, either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with Dacarbazine. However, more pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to investigate its efficacy.

P1, N=140, Completed, AstraZeneca | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=49, Completed, Northwestern University | Unknown status --> Completed

In the longest survival follow-up of a randomized trial in metastatic uveal melanoma, tebentafusp continues to provide long-term survival benefit in previously untreated HLA-A*02:01-positive patients.